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Southern Ecuador:
a 'whistle-stop' custom tour of the south

26th September - 2nd October 2006


Watkins's Antpitta, Jorupe (Sam Woods)

Leader: Sam Woods Participants: Michael Tarachow & Mercedes Dostale

As Michael and Merce had just recently spent time in the Amazon and north western Ecuador, they arrived for their tailored tour with a discrete set of birds they were after - especially the Tumbesian endemics that makes the south such a fantastic birding destination, along with some species that they needed to fill in the gaps from their lists from those other areas. The great thing about birding southern Ecuador is the range of habitats and therefore species that can be seen there. In the morning you can be birding in wet temperate cloud forest, although by the afternoon a short drive can bring you to dry arid desert scrub and woodland. Completely contrasting environments, with many special birds to be found there.

Catamayo & Tapichalaca (26 - 28 September)
The tour began with the short flight from Quito to the southern city of Loja. We left the cool Quito climate behind for the hot, dry hills of Loja. With a frustrating delay in our flight leaving we arrived extremely keen to get out there birding. Therefore a short way from the city we found ourselves birding some unattractive looking dry desert scrub in the nearby hills. It may not be the most scenic site but soon after finding a flock of Band-tailed Sierra-finches, in a mixed group with Ash-breasted Sierra-finches we found our first target bird of the tour when several pairs of the highly-localized Tumbes Sparrow were seen perched on some conspicuous dead snags, while noisy and equally conspicuous Fasciated Wrens were found nearby (another of the Tumbesian endemics that were to feature heavily on the tour).


Tumbes Sparrow, near Catamayo (Sam Woods)

Any visit to the south is not complete without a visit to the World-famous Tapichalaca reserve. This reserve was set up after a newly-described species - the now fabled Jocotoco Antpitta was discovered there in 1997 by Robert Ridgely and others. This prompted him and others into action to save the site of this extremely rare bird. Although other pairs have been found it remains to this day poorly known and rarely encountered away from this reserve. Even now, with many thorough searches in suitable habitats having been undertaken, the total known world population stands at only 16 pairs. Unsurprisingly then, this has become a priority bird for visiting birders. Antpittas are always a big draw card for 'hard-core' birders, and the unique history of this rare bird makes this bird one of the most special birds in the entire family. Any visit to Tapichalaca inevitably focuses on THE Antpitta, although on this trip it was all about Antpittas in general as we managed to see all 5 species that are recorded in the reserve. The first afternoon produced Rufous & Chestnut-naped Antpittas feeding on the trail just before dusk, (when a couple of Swallow-tailed Nightjars appeared) while a Slate-crowned Antpitta was found calling close by. Not a bad start, although we were still keen to get 'Bob's bird'. The next day we returned to the area when finally a huge antpitta came flying in and landed at eye-level, when the Jocotoco Antpitta began to give its unique, almost owl-like call. It was a magic moment for everyone. This bird has become such a symbol of many things in Ecuador-for conservation and also a reflection of just how little known this country was for birding just a short time ago. A great moment and a great bird-mission accomplished! The same day also brought us fantastic views of an Undulated Antpitta that we followed as it fed closeby on the trail in front of us-here occurring at much lower elevations than usually expected for this boldly-patterned Antpitta. Other interesting species recorded in our time at Tapichalaca included an unusually confiding Chusquea Tapaculo, Rufous-capped Thornbill and Amethyst-throated & Flame-throated Sunangels at the Casa Simpson lodge feeders.


This Undulated Antpitta was extremely approachable at Tapichalaca -these photos being taken by hand! (Michael Tarachow/Mercedes Dostale)

Vilcabamba & Utuana (28 - 29 September)
Leaving the wet, bamboo-cloaked forests of Tapichalaca behind we were soon passing through the pleasant tourist town of Vilcabamba, a town more famous for its unusally large population of people over the age of 100 than for its birds. However there is one very special bird there, and with a little tactical use of playback we soon had good views of the distinctive Plumbeous Rail walking around a boggy roadside field. We then headed to the drier Andean forests of Utuana, home to many really special birds. The feeders were buzzing with hummingbirds, namely the two ones we were after - Purple-throated Sunangel and the exquisite, fiery orange Rainbow Starfrontlet. However Utuana's cutest resident and also one of the key birds the reserve was set up for is the striking Black-crested Tit-tyrant, that was hard to find not long after the heat of the day but one popped out and obliged with great views in the end. Also around the reserve were some other target Tumbesian birds, like Black-cowled Saltator and Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner. A bamboo choked slope near the town of Utuana had us scrambling into the undergrowth, where a male of the rare, globally-threatened Gray-headed Antbird came to within a few meters of us while we crouched quietly in the bamboo.Although not a peep was heard in our first visit to this bamboo stand, a return trip came up with a pair of another of the Tumbesian bamboo specialists - the extremely eye-catching Piura Hemsipingus, (a highly localized tanager that is confined to bamboo cloaked slopes in southern Ecuador and northern Peru which puts all other Hemispinguses to shame, with its rich rufus underparts and striking head pattern). We were forced to drag ourselves away from the handsome hemispinguses eventually, when a pair of Chapman's Antshrikes showed up. Around the same areas there was also White-throated Hawk, Little Woodstar, Line-cheeked Spinetail, Tumbesian Tyrannulet, Three-banded Warblers , Plumbeous-backed & Ecuadorian Thrushes, Silver-backed & Rufous-chested Tanagers. While a migrant Fork-tailed Flycatcher was outside the normal range of this bird in Ecuador.


The simply stunning Piura Hemispingus, Utuana
(Michael Tarachow/Mercedes Dostale)

Jorupe & Sozoranga (29 - 30 September)
The dry woodlands of Jorupe reserve close to the border town of Macara are home to some really localized, special Tumbesian birds. This was our third Fundacion Jocotoco reserve we visited on the tour (with Buenaventura, a fourth reserve visited after this one). At first glance onwandering up the wide open track few birds were calling, and it looked like the day may turn out to be a struggle. However, strangely in this dry woodland the birds can tale a while to get moving but once they did we were inundated with new birds - a group of the endangered Gray-cheeked Parakeets were seen finally perched after a few flight views, while a small group of Tumbes Swifts passed overhead calling. Small feeding flocks brought out 2 interesting woodpeckers, with both Scarlet-backed Woodpeckers and Ecuadorian Piculets in some of these. Many rustles in the undergrowth proved to be Collared Antshrikes, a fairly common bird at Jorupe, and not the hoped for Tinamou. However, late in the morning when birding activity was at its lowest a Pale-browed Tinamaou surprised us by silently slinking into view close to the path. Other Tumbesian specialities picked up in our morning on the reserve included one of the reserve's special birds - the extrememly handsome Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner (a much more attractive ovenbird than its other congeners); White-edged Oriole, White-tailed Jay, Black-capped Sparrow, Ecuadorian Ground-dove, Superciliated Wrens, Slaty Becard, Baird's & Sooty-crowned Flycatchers, and Pacific Elaenias. Strangely though both the best birds of the morning came late, when earlier peak activity had died down - the aforementioned Tinamou and best of all a pair of extremely obliging Watkins's Antpittas (our lucky Antpitta run continued). We also made a stop at Sozoranga where the loacalized Chestnut-collared Swallows were easy to find around the town, while in the scrub close to there a Bay-crowned Brush-finch showed and a Pacific Pygmy-Owl posed for photos.

El Empalme & Buenaventura (30 September - 2 October)
Buenaventura saw us once again in wet rainforests, although before we reached our final Jocotoco reserve of the tour (complete with its own discreet set of threatened bird species), we made a last stop in some really arid dry scrub country for some final Tumbesian birds. Not long after arriving we heard the instantly recognizable, frog-like call of the Elegant Crescentchest and one crept up to the top of the open scrub where we all got great looks at this exquisitely marked bird. The same area also held a number of Pacific Parrotlets and the attractive, boldly patterned, White-headed Brush-finch (a highly localized species, only in southern Ecuador and northern Peru). While new hummers were found in the form of Purple-collared Woodstars and a few Tumbes Hummingbirds.


White-headed Brush-finches, El Empalme (Sam Woods)

On reaching Buenaventura we soon found a displaying male Club-winged Manakin, close to some feeders that held some other targets - Emerald-bellied Woodnymphs and Baron's Hermits (along with Violet-bellied Hummingbird, Violet-tailed Sylphs, White-whiskered Hermits and Purple-bibbed Whitetips). Over the feeders the harsh grating call of a Gray-backed Hawk led us to this localized bird. Buenaventura is just a great reserve full of many special Choco species, many of which we came across in our time there: Choco Toucan, Pale-mandibled Aracaris, Pallid Dove and a Long-wattled Umbrellabird that unfortunately was decidedly uncooperative after being seen flying out of the canopy shortly after homing in on its low, cow-like mooing calls On one morning we crept up to a small stream and found ourselves eyeball to eyeball with a Fasciated Tiger-heron and a couple of Sunbitterns. We also came across some lowland Tumbesian birds at the northern extremities of their ranges - the flashy Guayaquil Woodpecker, Gray-and-gold Warblers, Loja Tyrannulets, Rufous-headed Chachalacas and a single, bright red male Crimson-breasted Finch. Although not the brightest of these, an Ochre-bellied Dove was a bonus bird, being a shy forest floor skulker, this was one Tumbesian endemic that I was very unsure of getting on the trip. Other interesting birds at Buenaventura included Song Wren, Barred & White-whiskered Puffbirds, Scaled Fruiteater, Thrush-like Schiffornis, Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner, Spotted Nightingale-thrush, and Brownish Twistwing. However the whole reason for this reserve being set up was a recently described parrot - a very localized bird and one of the few true Ecuadorian endemics left (as many others have now been found in neighbouring countries). This bird gave us a bit of a run around, not being where it should have been, so we had to walk for it (instead of just driving up to it!), and shortly after finding a group of another Tumbesian species - Red-masked Parakeet, we found a pair of El Oro Parakeets sitting quietly a few trees away. It may not sound particuarly interesting, but another recently described bird, the El Oro Tapaculo, just minutes after THE parakeets was perhaps trip bird for Mercedes, as it eventually behaved in a very un-tapaculo fashion by hopping about in the open for a while, great stuff! While 4 hulking Horned Screamers sitting out on top of some roadside bushes en-route back to Guayaquil, provided a good close to the tour and a great final bird for the trip.


Fasciated Tiger-heron, Buenaventura (Michael Tarachow/Mercedes Dostale)

This was a short tour, going after specific targets, and granted we did not get everything, but we gave it a damn good try and got a respectable haul for what was a real 'whistlestop' of some of the south's and indeed Ecuador's best birding sites.

BIRD LIST

The taxonomy and nomenclature of this list follow: Ridgely, Robert & Greenfield, Paul. The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. 2001. Ithica, NY: Comstock Publishing.

Endemic species (as defined by Ridgely) are marked as follows:
Species in RED BOLD are Tumbesian lowland endemics
Species in BLACK BOLD are Choco endemics
Species in BLUE BOLD are Southwestern highlands endemics
Species in BOLD BLACK AND UNDERLINED are East Andean Slope endemics.

TINAMOUS Tinamidae
Pale-browed Tinamou (NT) Crypturellus transfasciatus

CORMORANTS AND SHAGS Phalacrocoracidae
Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus

SCREAMERS Anhimidae
Horned Screamer Anhima cornuta

HERONS, BITTERNS, EGRETS Ardeidae
Fasciated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum
Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi
Great Egret Ardea alba
Snowy Egret Egretta thula
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

AMERICAN VULTURES Cathartidae
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

KITES, EAGLES, HAWKS Accipitridae
Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis
Gray-backed Hawk (EN) Leucopternis occidentalis
Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis
Harris's Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus
Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus
Gray Hawk Buteo nitida
Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris
White-throated Hawk Buteo albigula
Variable Hawk Buteo polyosoma

FALCONS AND CARACARAS Falconidae
Northern Crested-Caracara Caracara cheriway
American Kestrel Falco sparverius

CURASSOWS, GUANS, ETC. Cracidae
Rufous-headed Chachalaca (VU) Ortalis erythroptera

RAILS, GALLINULES, COOTS Rallidae
White-throated Crake Laterallus albigularis H
Plumbeous Rail Pardirallus sanguinolentus

SUNBITTERN EURYPYGIDAE
Sunbittern Eurypyga helias

JAÇANAS Jacanidae
Wattled Jaçana Jacana jacana

SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Scolopacidae
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes
Whimbrel Numeneus phaeopus
Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla

STILTS AND AVOCETS Recurvirostridae
Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus

PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS Charadriidae
Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus

PIGEONS AND DOVES Columbidae
Rock Pigeon Columba livia
Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata
Pale-vented Pigeon Columba cayennensis
Ruddy Pigeon Columba subvinacea
Plumbeous Pigeon Columba plumbea
Ecuadorian Ground-Dove Columbina buckleyi
Croaking Ground-Dove Columbina cruziana
Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa
White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
Pallid Dove Leptotila pallida
Ochre-bellied Dove (VU) Leptotila ochraceiventris

PARROTS AND MACAWS Psittacidae
Red-masked Parakeet (NT) Aratinga erythrogenys
El Oro Parakeet (EN) Pyrrhura orcesi
Pacific Parrotlet Forpus coelestis
Gray-cheeked Parakeet (EN) Brotogeris pyrrhopterus
White-capped (Speckle-faced) Parrot Pionus seniloides
Bronze-winged Parrot Pionus chalcopterus
Scaly-naped Amazon Amazona mercenaria H

CUCKOOS AND ANIS Cuculidae
Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
Groove-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris

TYPICAL OWLS Strigidae
Pacific Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium peruanum

NIGHTJARS & NIGHTHAWKS Caprimulgidae
Swallow-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis segmentata

SWIFTS Apodidae
Chestnut-collared Swift Streptoprocne rutilus
Tumbes Swift Chaetura ocypetes
Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis

HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae
White-whiskered Hermit Phaethornis yaruqui
Baron's (Western Long-tailed) Hermit Phaethornis baroni
White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora
Brown Violet-ear Colibri delphinae
Green Thorntail Popelairia conversii
Emerald-bellied (Gr-crowned) Woodnymph Thalurania hypochlora
Violet-bellied Hummingbird Damophila julie
Tumbes Hummingbird Leucippus baeri
Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl
Amazilia Hummingbird Amazilia amazilia
Andean Emerald Amazilia franciae
Speckled Hummingbird Adelomyia melanogenys
Purple-bibbed Whitetip Urosticte benjamini
Green-crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula
Fawn-breasted Brilliant Heliodoxa rubinoides
Shining Sunbeam Aglaeactis cupripennis
Mountain Velvetbreast Lafresnaya lafresnayi
Brown Inca Coeligena wilsoni
Collared Inca Coeligena torquata
Rainbow Starfrontlet Coeligena iris
Chestnut-breasted Coronet Boissonneaua matthewsii
Amethyst-throated Sunangel Heliangelus amethysticollis
Flame-throated (Little) Sunangel Heliangelus micrastur
Purple-throated Sunangel Heliangelus viola
Green-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia nuna
Tyrian Metaltail Metallura tyrianthina
Rufous-capped Thornbill Chalcostigma ruficeps
Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingi
Violet-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus coelestis
Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti
Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris
Purple-collared Woodstar Myrtis fanny
White-bellied Woodstar Acestrura mulsant
Little Woodstar (VU) Chaetocercus bombus

TROGONS AND QUETZALS Trogonidae
Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps H
Masked Trogon Trogon personatus
Northern Violaceous Trogon Trogon caligatus

KINGFISHERS Alcedinidae
Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata
Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana

MOTMOTS Momotidae
Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii
Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota

PUFFBIRDS Bucconidae
Barred Puffbird Nystalus radiatus
White-whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis

TOUCANS Ramphastidae
Crimson-rumped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus haematopygus
Pale-mandibled (Collared) Araçari Pteroglossus erythropygius
Chocó Toucan Ramphastos brevis
Chestnut- (Black-) mandibled Toucan Ramphastos swainsonii

WOODPECKERS & PICULETS Picidae
Ecuadorian Piculet Picumnus sclateri
Crimson-mantled Woodpecker Piculus rivolii H
Golden-olive Woodpecker Piculus rubiginosus
Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani
Bar-bellied Woodpecker Veniliornis nigriceps
Scarlet-backed Woodpecker Veniliornis callonotus
Guayaquil Woodpecker (NT) Campephilus gayaquilensis

OVENBIRDS Furnariidae
Pacific (Pale-legged) Hornero Furnarius cinnamomeus
Azara's Spinetail Synallaxis azarae
Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura H
Rufous Spinetail Synallaxis unirufa
White-browed Spinetail Hellmayrea gularis H
Line-cheeked Spinetail Cranioleuca antisiensis
Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii
Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger
Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens H
Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner (VU) Syndactyla ruficollis
Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps
Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner Philydor fuscipennis
Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner (VU) Hylocryptus erythrocephalus
Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans
Plain Xenops Xenops minutus

WOODCREEPERS Dendrocolaptidae
Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus
Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus
Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius
Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii

TYPICAL ANTBIRDS Thamnophilidae
Great Antshrike Taraba major
Collared Antshrike Sakesphorus bernardi
Chapman's Antshrike Thamnophilus zarumae
Western Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha
Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus
Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis
Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor
Long-tailed Antbird Drymophila caudata H
Gray-headed Antbird (VU) Myrmeciza griseiceps
Immaculate Antbird Myrmeciza immaculata H
Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul

ANTTHRUSHES & ANTPITTAS Formicariidae
Barred Antthrush Chamaeza mollissima H
Undulated Antpitta Grallaria squamigera
Chestnut-crowned Antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla H
Watkins's Antpitta Grallaria watkinsi
Jocotoco Antpitta (EN) Grallaria ridgelyi
Chestnut-naped Antpitta Grallaria nuchalis
Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula
Slate-crowned Antpitta Grallaricula nana

TAPACULOS Rhinocryptidae
Elegant Crescentchest Melanopareia elegans
Ash-colored Tapaculo Myornis senilis H
Unicolored (Blackish) Tapaculo Scytalopus unicolor (latrans) H
El Oro (Ecuadorian)Tapaculo Scytalopus robbinsi
Chusquea Tapaculo Scytalopus parkeri

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae
Loja (Golden-faced) Tyrannulet Zimmerius flavidifrons
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum
Tumbesian (Mouse-colored) Tyrannulet Phaeomyias tumbezana
Pacific Elaenia Myiopagis subplacens
White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps
Black-crested Tit-Tyrant Anairetes nigrocristatus
Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant Euscarthmus meloryphus
Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus
Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris
Rufous-headed Pygmy-Tyrant Pseudotriccus ruficeps
Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus H
Black-throated Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus granadensis
Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum
Brownish Twistwing (Flycatcher) Cnipodectes subbrunneus
Yellow-olive Flatbill (Flycatcher) Tolmomyias sulphurescens
White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus
Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus
Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius sulphureipygius
Tawny-breasted Flycatcher Myiobius villosus
Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus
Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea
Tumbes (Tropical) Pewee Contopus punensis
Smoke-colored Pewee Contopus fumigatus
Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans
Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus
Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca rufipectoralis
Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris H
Crowned Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix frontalis
Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix diadema
Smoky Bush-Tyrant Myiotheretes fumigatus
Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer
Sooty-crowned Flycatcher Myiarchus phaeocephalus
Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua
Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana
Baird's Flycatcher Myiodynastes bairdii
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus
Barred Becard Pachyramphus versicolor H
Slaty Becard (EN) Pachyramphus spodiurus
One-colored Becard Pachyramphus homochrous

COTINGAS Cotingidae
Green-and-black Fruiteater Pipreola riefferii H
Scaled Fruiteater Ampelioides tschudii
Dusky Piha Lipaugus fuscocinereus
Long-wattled Umbrellabird (VU) Cephalopterus penduliger

MANAKINS Pipridae
White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus
Club-winged Manakin Machaeropterus deliciosus
Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus

CROWS, JAYS, AND MAGPIES Corvidae
Turquoise Jay Cyanolyca turcosa
White-tailed Jay Cyanocorax mystacalis

VIREOS AND ALLIES Vireonidae
Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus
Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys
Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus

THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES Turdidae
Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides H
Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus fuscater
Spotted Nightingale-thrush Cataharus dryas
Chiguanco Thrush Turdus chiguanco
Great Thrush Turdus fuscater
Glossy-black Thrush Turdus serranus
Plumbeous-backed Thrush Turdus reevei
Ecuadorian Thrush Turdus maculirostris

MOCKINGBIRDS Mimidae
Long-tailed Mockingbird Mimus longicaudatus

SWALLOWS AND MARTINS Hirundinidae
Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea
Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina
Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca
Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
Chestnut-collared Swallow Petrochelidon rufocollaris

WRENS Troglodytidae
Fasciated Wren Campylorhynchus fasciatus
Bay Wren Thryothorus nigricapillus
Plain-tailed Wren Thryothorus euophrys
Whiskered Wren Thryothorus mystacalis H
Superciliated Wren Thryothorus superciliaris
Speckle-breasted Wren Thryothorus sclateri
House Wren Troglodytes aedon
Mountain Wren Troglodytes solstitialis
Gray-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucophrys H
Song Wren Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus

GNATCATCHERS & GNATWRENS Polioptilidae
Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea

NEW WORLD WARBLERS Parulidae
Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi
Olive-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis semiflavais
Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis
Slate-throated Whitestart Myioborus miniatus
Spectacled Whitestart Myioborus melanocephalus
Black-crested Warbler Basileuterus nigrocristatus
Citrine Warbler Basileuterus luteoviridis
Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus
Three-banded Warbler Basileuterus trifasciatus
Russet-crowned Warbler Basileuterus coronatus
Gray-and-gold Warbler Basileuterus fraseri
Buff-rumped Warbler Basileuterus fulvicauda

TANAGERS AND ALLIES Thraupidae
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola
Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza
Yellow-tufted (Black-faced) Dacnis Dacnis egregia
Masked Flowerpiercer Diglossopis cyanea
White-sided Flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera
Rufous-chested Tanager Thlypopsis ornata
Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota
Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris
Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster
Golden Tanager Tangara arthus
Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala
Saffron-crowned Tanager Tangara xanthocephala
Flame-faced Tanager Tangara parzudakii
Golden-naped Tanager Tangara ruficervix
Metallic-green Tanager Tangara labradorides
Blue-and-black Tanager Tangara vassorii
Silver-backed Tanager Tangara viridicollis
Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis
Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola
Golden-crowned Tanager Iridosornis rufivertex
Lacrimose Mountain-Tanager Anisognathus lacrymosus
Blue-winged Mountain-Tanager Anisognathus somptuosus
Hooded Mountain-Tanager Buthraupis montana
Buff-breasted Mountain-Tanager Dubusia taeniata
Grass-green Tanager Chlorornis riefferii H
Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus
Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum
Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanocephala
Lemon-rumped (Flame-rumped) Tanager Ramphocelus icteronotus
Highland Hepatic-Tanager Piranga flava
White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus
White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus
Common Bush-Tanager Chlorospingus ophthalmicus
Ashy-throated Bush-Tanager Chlorospingus canigularis
Gray-hooded Bush-Tanager Cnemoscopus rubrirostris
Black-capped Hemispingus Hemispingus atropileus
Black-eared Hemispingus Hemispingus melanotis H
Piura Hemispingus Hemispingus piurae
Plushcap Catamblyrhynchus diadema

SALTATORS & GROSBEAKS Cardinalidae
Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus
Black-winged Saltator Saltator atripennis
Black-cowled Saltator Saltator nigriceps
Streaked Saltator Saltator striatipectus
Southern Yellow-Grosbeak Pheucticus chrysogaster

EMBERIZINE FINCHES Emberizidae
Crimson-breasted Finch Rhodospingus cruentus
Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina
Variable Seedeater Sporophila corvina
Ash-breasted Sierra-Finch Phrygilus plebejus
Band-tailed Sierra-Finch Phrygilus alaudinus
Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola
Rufous-naped Brush-Finch Atlapetes latinuchus
White-winged Brush-Finch Atlapetes leucopterus
Bay-crowned Brush-Finch Atlapetes seebohmi
White-headed Brush-Finch Atlapetes albiceps
Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch Buarremon brunneinuchus
Stripe-headed Brush-Finch Buarremon torquatus
Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris
Black-capped Sparrow Arremon abeillei
Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris
Tumbes Sparrow Aimophila stolzmanni
Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

ORIOLES AND BLACKBIRDS Icteridae
Scrub Blackbird Dives warszewiczi
Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus
White-edged Oriole Icterus graceannae
Yellow-tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas